Publications

Fleet Hydrogen Basics

1/28/2026

Hydrogen is one transportation fuel option public and private heavy-duty vehicle fleets can consider. Heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles provide the performance benefits of electric drivetrains (e.g., high instantaneous torque for heavy loads and performance improvements at high altitudes and on steep grades) and can contribute to air quality improvements in high-traffic areas. For some regions and duty cycles, hydrogen could be a better ft for heavy-duty fleets than current battery-electric options because of the increased range and faster fueling times.

Authors: Beavis, D., Gonzales, J., Nevins, K.

Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure Postcard

1/23/2026

Learn about the technology behind electric vehicles and their charging infrastructure, explore the benefits and considerations of using electricity to power vehicles, and access tools and datasets.

Clean Cities and Communities Partnership 2023 Activity Report

1/16/2025

Clean Cities and Communities (CC&C) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) partnership within the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Technology Integration (TI) Program. CC&C advances transportation nationwide through collaboration with communities by building partnerships with public and private stakeholders to create transportation solutions that advance the nation’s environment, energy security, and economic prosperity. These efforts help businesses and consumers make smarter and more informed transportation energy choices that can save energy, lower costs, use a wide range of fuels, and improve air quality. This report summarizes the success and impact of partnership activities based on data and information provided in their 2023 annual reports.

Authors: Singer, M.; Johnson, C.; Wilson, A.; Reichelt, L.; Abdullah, M.; Downs Dybas, N.

Les Fondamentaux des Véhicules Électriques (Electric Vehicle Basics)

1/10/2025

Les véhicules électriques (VE) utilisent l’électricité comme source d’énergie principale ou pour améliorer
l’efficacité des véhicules conventionnels. Les VE comprennent les véhicules entièrement électriques, également
appelés véhicules électriques à batterie (VEB), et les véhicules électriques hybrides rechargeables (VEHR). Accéder à cette publication en anglais ici.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

1/9/2025

A hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is two to three times more efficient than a comparable vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine running on gasoline. Because of their efficient operation, FCEVs can travel long distances with less fueling. A FCEV also emits only water vapor and warm air. FCEVs have driving ranges of more than 300 miles per tank of hydrogen. Drivers can fuel their FCEVs in less than five minutes at a dispenser that looks and feels similar to gasoline dispensers except for the high-pressure gaseous connection. In addition, FCEVs are propelled by an electric motor, so they are very quiet, have very few moving parts and fewer fluids to change, and have minimal maintenance requirements overall.

Workplace Charging Survey

1/1/2025

This survey offers a tool for employers to gauge whether workplace electric vehicle (EV) charging may make sense for their facilities. The workplace survey measures quantitative metrics, such as daily employee commuting distance, how many days employees drive to work, and how much employees would be willing to pay for workplace charging and dedicated parking spots. It also measures qualitative metrics like which benefits of workplace charging appeal or apply to employees.

Model Year 2025: Alternative Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicles

1/1/2025

This document lists the model, vehicle type, engine size, and fuel economy of a variety of alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles.

Answers to Common Questions About Electric Vehicles

12/31/2024

Electric vehicles (EVs), also called all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), offer many benefits. They operate smoothly and quietly and have responsive acceleration, zero tailpipe emissions, and low costs for maintenance and fueling. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) offer many of the same benefits but can run on both electricity and gasoline, allowing for extended range for long trips without the need to recharge. As a consumer, you may be drawn to these features, but you may also have some questions that make you cautious about purchasing an EV. This fact sheet, provides information that will help you make an informed decision about EVs.

Authors: Linda Gaines

Model Year 2025 Fuel Economy Guide: EPA Fuel Economy Estimates

12/4/2024

The Fuel Economy Guide is published by the U.S. Department of Energy as an aid to consumers considering the purchase of a new vehicle. The Guide lists estimates of miles per gallon (mpg) for each vehicle available for the new model year. These estimates are provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in compliance with Federal Law. By using this Guide, consumers can estimate the average yearly fuel cost for any vehicle. The Guide is intended to help consumers compare the fuel economy of similarly sized cars, light duty trucks and special purpose vehicles.

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: Second Quarter 2024

11/18/2024

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in the United States continues to rapidly change and grow. Using data from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator, this report provides a snapshot of the state of EV charging infrastructure in the United States in the second calendar quarter of 2024 by charging level, network, location, housing density, and disadvantaged community designation. Additionally, this report measures the current state of charging infrastructure compared with a federal infrastructure requirement scenario. This information is intended to help transportation planners, policymakers, researchers, infrastructure developers, and others understand the rapidly changing landscape of EV charging infrastructure. This is the 18th report in a series.

Authors: Brown, A.; Cappellucci, J.; Gaus, M.; Buleje, H.

Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Attributes and Development

11/1/2024

This report focuses on charging and infrastructure requirements for medium- and heavy-duty (MD/HD) vehicles in addition to potential synergies with light-duty vehicle (LDV) infrastructure. As electric vehicle (EV) deployments are more mature in the LDV sectors than MD/HD, quantitative inputs for modeling requirements for MD/HD are also still in development. That said, this report presents more qualitative analyses than quantitative. Specifically, the report covers vehicle classes, populations, and types of charging; MD/HD dwelling at depots vs. residences; and en-route MD/HD charging infrastructure, including electrical and physical space needs, connectors, and payment, pricing, and grid considerations. The report also provides considerations for appropriate fleet targeting for vehicle electrification.

Authors: Bonnie Powell, Caley Johnson, Arthur Yip, Amy Snelling

Enhancing User Experience in Public Electric Vehicle Charging

11/1/2024

With individual states beginning to adopt electric vehicle (EV) sales targets, meeting public charging needs will require increasing the quantity and ease-of-use of publicly accessible EV chargers. This report assesses the current state of public charging infrastructure across the US, Canada, and Europe, with a focus on three key factors: availability, reliability, and interoperability. The report analyzes availability from a viewpoint of public charging’s accessibility as well as its correlation with income, unemployment, and proximity to communities with high percentages of people of color. The report also focuses on reliability-centered policies. Lastly, the report analyzes hardware and software interoperability to identify gaps in current public charging infrastructure.

Authors: Marie Rajon Bernard, Sonsoles Diaz, Irem Kok, Uwe Tietge

The 2024 EPA Automotive Trends Report: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fuel Economy, and Technology since 1975

11/1/2024

This report represents the 50th in the Environmental Protection Agency’s Automotive Trends Report series, which provides the U.S. public with up-to-date information on light-duty vehicle fuel economy, technology data, and manufacturers’ performance. This edition of the Automotive Trends Report series covers 50 years of fleetwide trends, vehicle attributes and technologies, and manufacturer compliance.

Electric Vehicle Sales and the Charging Infrastructure Required Through 2035

10/1/2024

This report estimates the number of electric vehicle (EV) charging equipment needed to support the EV market through 2035. It projects the number of EVs on U.S. roads to reach 78.5 million in 2035 and that nearly 42.2 million charge ports will be needed to support the projected number of EVs. Approximately 325,000 direct current fast charging ports will be needed to support the level of EVs expected to be on U.S. roads in 2035.

Authors: Maiorana, J.; Satterfield, C.; Schefte, K.

ChargeX Prescribed Testing Program at CharIN June 2024 Testival: Outcomes and Future Recommendations

9/30/2024

In June 2024, the ChargeX Consortium, which includes the Argonne, Idaho, and National Renewable Energy Laboratories, organized a voluntary testing program for electric vehicle (EV) and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) manufacturers to trial new technologies in a combined space. This report documents the design and execution of the testing program, outlining effective strategies for future events focused on research and development for EV, EVSE, and EV-EVSE interoperability technology.

Authors: Sam Thurston