Publications

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO;ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc.;Environmental Research and Development Corporation

The first round of emissions testing of light-duty alternative fuel vehicles placed in the U.S. federal fleet under the provisions of the Alternative Motor Fuels Act was recently completed. This undertaking included 75 Dodge B250 vans, of which 37 were dedicated compressed natural gas models, and 38 were standard gasoline controls. Data were collected on regulated exhaust emissions using the federal test procedures, and on a number of other quantities, through a statistically controlled program of investigation. All test vehicles were operated in routine federal service activities under normal working conditions, adhering as closely as possible to Chrysler's prescribed maintenance schedules. The data analysis conducted thus far indicates that the compressed natural gas vehicles exhibit notably lower regulated exhaust emission, on average, than their gasoline counterparts, and that these values are well within U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. In addition, lower levels of toxic constituents are emitted by the compressed natural gas vehicles relative to their gasoline counterparts and they produce lower levels of ozone precursors as well. Performance measures include driver acceptance, fuel economy, operational cost, cost and level of maintenance, and emissions output. The most extensive effort of its kind, the AMFA evaluation program targets three alternative fuels - methanol, ethanol, and compressed natural gas (CNG) - and encompasses several different types of vehicles, makes, and models operated in a number of federal service applications at various sites around the country. This paper specifically addresses the emissions performance of light-duty federal fleet AFVs operating on CNG. The data represents solely from Round 1 of a three-round testing program (hence, emissions deterioration is not specifically addressed).

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue of the Alternative Fuel News features articles on the National Energy Policy; the 2001 National Clean Cities Conference including Coalition Award and Partner Award recipients; station cars; and new emissions-reducing incentives in Texas.

U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

With so many alternative fuels being promoted by various groups, it is important for legislators, the public and all interested parties to understand the different fuels that are available, how they are made, how they are used and their impact on the environment. This brochure is intended to help legislators at all levels to make informed decisions and for the media, with a responsibility of informing the public, to be educated on these issues. The fuels covered in this brochure include: ethanol, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, methanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, biodiesel, gasoline additives and combustion modifiers, electric vehicles, natural gas and propane. It also summarizes regional and state clean fuel policies and regulations.

U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC;National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This annual report to Congress presents the current status of the alternative fuel vehicle programs being conducted across the country in accordance with the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988. These programs, which represent the most comprehensive data collection effort ever undertaken on alternative fuels, are beginning their fifth year. This report summarizes tests and results from the fourth year.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) heavy-duty trucks accelerating the growth of the American alternative transportation fuels market and 2) the U.S. Department of Energy alternative fuel heavy-duty vehicle program.

Office of the President of the United States, Washington, D.C.

Executive Order 13031 outlines the provisions to ensure that the Federal Government exercises leadership in the use of alternative fueled vehicles (AFVs). To that end, each Federal agency should develop and implement aggressive plans to fulfill the alternative fueled vehicle acquisition requirements established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a data collection project for light-duty, alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) for about 4 years. The project has collected data on 10 vehicle models (from the original equipment manufacturers [OEM]), spanning model years 1991 through 1995. Emissions data have also been collected from a number of vehicles that were converted to operate on compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas. Most of the vehicles involved in the data collection and evaluation are part of the General Services Administrations's fleet of AFVs. This evaluation effort addressed the performance and reliability, fuel economy, and emissions of light-duty AFVs, with comparisons to similar gasoline vehicles when possible. This report includes results from emissions testing completed on 169 AFVs and 161 gasoline control vehicles. Alcohol vehicles in general indicated equivalent or lower regulated emissions compared to reformulated gasoline. CNG vehicles did show significantly lower emissions than gasoline vehicles. Preliminary emissions results from vehicles that have undergone aftermarket conversion are not as promising as for OEM AFVs. Conversion emissions in many cases were higher than the vehicle emissions were before conversion.

Interagency Commission on Alternative Motor Fuels

This final report of the Interagency Commission on Alternative Motor Fuels describes progress to date in implementing the provisions of the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 (AMFA; Public Law 100-494). The purpose of AMFA is to help achieve energy security, improve air quality, and encourage the production of methanol-, ethanol-, and natural-gas-powered motor vehicles by encouraging the development and widespread consumer use of methanol, ethanol, and natural gas as transportation fuels. AMFA seeks to help alternative transportation fuels reach the threshold level of commercial application and consumer acceptability at which they can successfully compete with petroleum-based transportation fuels.

Notes: Report based on studies performed by Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN; Argonne National Lab., Argonne, IL; EA Eastern Division; Carlton Enterprises

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) Clinton's issuance of an Executive Order on alternative fuels; 2) passage of the Propane Education and Research Act of 1996 through Congress; 3) The introduction of an NGV incentives package by the House Natural Gas Vehicle Task Force; 4) a New York bond act for clean fuel programs; 5) California's veto of an AFV incentive; 6) a "Stealth Bus" in Los Angeles; 7) Ashland Chemical, Inc.'s switch to M85 Ford Tauruses in its fleet; 8) New York City's increasing use of alternative fuels; 9) Iowa DOT's blend of biodiesel in heavy-duty vehicles; 10) King County, Washington's use of natural gas in police fleets; 11) heavy-duty trucks on ethanol; 12) UPS's plans to double its NGV fleet by 1998; 13) EV charging sites in Arizona; 14) changes at the National Biodiesel Board; 15) alternative fuel refueling sites on the Web; 16) the U.S. Postal Service and the DOE's plans to introduce a CNG mail truck; 17) Clean Cities; 18) Honda's announcement of a natural gas Civic; 19) the rise of alternative fuel bus purchases; 20) Ford Motor Company's AFV rebates; 21) natural gas testing in U.S. Volvos; 22) the introduction of EV1s; 23) Nissan's use of lithium-ion in its electric vehicles; and 24) plans for cleaner off-road engines.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

Vehicles that run onfuels other than gasoline, or "alternative fuel" vehicles (AFVs), offer great promise for improving air quality and lessening our nation's dependence on imported oil. But if they are to fulfill this promise and replace traditional gasoline vehicles on a large scale, they must meed the needs of the people using them, and consumers must have access to"real-world" information about them. Do they drive as well as gasoline vehicles? Are their refueling stations as convenient as the corner gas station? Can we expect the same reliability that we've come to expect from our gasoline vehicles? How better to answer these questions than to ask the people who are actually running the AFVs? So in 1996, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national labortory, designed a nationwide study to capture the opinions of federal fleet managers and drivers onthe performance, reliability, driveability, and acceptability of AFVs. NREL put together this short brochure to serve as a "quick look" summaryof the surveys and their results.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) state and fuel provider fleets acquiring alternative fuel vehicles; 2) the 1996 second national Clean Cities conference; 3) five Clean Cities receiving grants for natural gas programs; 4) enthusiasm for Clean Cities spreading into Canada, Mexico, and Chile; 5) an electric vehicle road trip; 6) airports as a centerpiece for Clean Cities programs; 7) alternative fuels in the skies; 8) California's use of technology to expand the fueling network; 9) the switch to clean vehicles by police departments; 10) James Ferguson, the Clean Cities Program Manager; 11) Clean Cities updates; and 12) a calendar of events.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) industry and education experts working together to establish alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) technician training standards; 2) developing liquefied natural gas (LNG) refuse trucks; 3) breaking down the barriers to alternative fuels; 4) the I-35 Corridor Coalition's support of LNG; 5) the Midwest Ethanol Demonstration Project; and 6) Detroit Diesel's development of a propane engine.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado

This document provides facts about Alternative Fuel Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles that will be made available by equipment manufacturers to fleet buyers and the general public for model year 2001.

L-B-Systemtechnik GmbH, Ottobrunn, Germany

This report presents a well-to-wheel analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and potential impacts of advanced fuels and vehicle systems in Europe.

Trucking Research Inst., Alexandria, VA

This issue includes articles on: 1) the role of ethanol in heavy-duty applications; 2) methanol as a catalyst for emerging transportation technologies; and 3) a demonstration of the Caterpillar G3406LE natural gas engine.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

This issue of the Alternative Fuel News includes a cover story on the success of alternative fuel infrastructure development; a feature on the growing demand for certified AFV service technicians; and a story about the Bush administration's recent announcement of the hydrogen fuel cell Freedom Car Program at the Detroit Auto Show.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

In an effort to reduce national dependence on imported oil and to improve urban air quality, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is promoting the development and deployment of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). To support this activity, DOE has directed the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to develop and conduct projects to evaluate the performance and acceptability of light-duty AFVs compared to similar gasoline vehicles. As part of this effort, NREL has undertaken a number of evaluation projects, including conducting telephone surveys with fleet managers and drivers of AFVs in the federal fleet. This report summarizes the results of the survey of state and city government fleet managers.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) the mission of the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC); 2) Legislation; 3) People in the news; and 4) meetings and conferences

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC

This final rule amends the fuel economy regulations to include alternative-fueled automobiles. The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) of 1988 includes 1993 model year and later alternative-fueled automobiles (passenger automobiles and light trucks) in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program on a favorable basis to encourage the manufacture of these vehicles. The AMFA provides these CAFE "credits" for automobiles designed to be fueled with methanol, ethanol, other alcohols, natural gas, or dual-fueled automobiles designed to operate on one or more of these alternative fuels and gasoline or diesel fuel. Under the AMFA, these credits are only available for automobiles that meet certain requirements regarding: alternative fuel content (e.g., for alcohol fuels, a minimum of 85 percent by volume alcohol), energy efficiency, and driving range. Neither the AMFA nor the final rule will affect automobiles that do not meet these requirements; such vehicles would not receive the favorable CAFE treatment. Alternative-fueled automobile labeling requirements are also specified in the AMFA. This final rule codifies the requirements of the AMFA in 40 CFR part 600. Recently, AMFA was amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, to extend the CAFE credit to automobiles designed to operate on additional types of alternative fuels. However, this final rule does not include these additional alternative fuel types, as they were not included in the CAFE program at the time the NPRM was published and the final rule was developed.

Notes: Text of final rule to be published in the Federal Register

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) new data bases in the AFDC; 2) the current status of the Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) light-duty fleet; 3) legislation issues; and 4) news from around the country

National Alternative Fuels Hotline, Arlington, VA

National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden Colorado

This document provides facts about Alternative Fuel Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles that will be made available by equipment manufacturers to fleet buyers and the general public for model year 2002.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) the significant expansion of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) in federal fleets; 2) the first U.S. ethanol bus program; 3) a study on compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); 4) new CNG packer trucks in New York; 5) federal agency plans to change fleets to alternative fuels; 6) DOE's heavy-duty alternative-fuel demonstration program; 7) NREL/DOE plans to support data collection on school buses; and 8) the Congressional passage of the National Energy Strategy.

Trucking Research Inst., Alexandria, VA

Articles in this issue include: Fleet vehicles will move alternative fuels from research to reality; and Hennepin County ethanol demonstration project.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) the inclusion of transit buses and operational data in the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC); 2) AFDC's information sharing with fleet operators; 3) preparation of a CNG safety video by DOE and NREL; 4) EPACT's expansion of the role of OTT and AFDC; 5) a concentrated demonstration program beginning in Atlanta; 6) the promising emission results of M85; 7) DOE expansion of light-duty vehicle emissions testing; 8) hotline responses to EPACT questions; and 9) funding for vehicle conversion and fuel supply services.

QSS Group Inc., Lanham, Maryland.

This report summarizes and compares alternative fuel and gasoline prices across the U.S.

Notes: A printable PDF version of this document can be downloaded from the Alternative Fuel Data Center's web site http://www.afdc.doe.gov/pdfs/A_F_Price_Report_5_5.pdf

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) DOE's evaluation of private and local fleet roles; 2) CMAQ's support of AFV programs; 3) how to buy time; 4) the latest transit bus results; 5) an ethanol refueling handbook; 6) heavy duty manufacturers; 7) natural gas composition and vehicles; 8) Chrysler's discontinuation of NGV production for model year 1997; 9) Ford's continuation of AFV lineup with reduces prices; 10) Clean Cities in the air; 11) a House of Representatives natural gas vehicle task force; 12) the House Renewable Energy Caucus; 12) an alternative fuel vehicle incentive bill in Arizona; 13) ethanol Windstars; 14) and the use of alternative fuel vehicles at the Olympics.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) the growth of the AFDC; 2) new AFDC software; 3) AFDC's provision of state AFV purchasing plans; 4) the WVU transportable lab; 5) the availability of heavy-duty emissions data; 6) the collection of heavy duty AFV performance data; and 7) the hotline's responses to tax questions.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) EPA's redesign of conversion certification policies; 2) the introduction of an NGV incentive Bill in Congress; 3) the introduction of the Boxer Bill in Congress; 4) New Jersey transit's expanded refueling infrastructure; 5) a Sacramento group's efforts to increase awareness of EV benefits; 6) testing of hybrid electric buses by a New York R&D group; 7) the use of heavy-duty LNG vehicles at the L.A. Airport and USPS; 8) the introduction of a medium-duty NGV by DOE and USPS; 9) NGVC's council to support LNG; 10) EV charging sites in Arizona; 11) a fuel company's purchase of natural gas refueling stations; 12) the reduced cost of methanol in California; 13) heavy-duty alternatives from OEMs and rebuilders; 14) Chrysler's announcement of an E-85 minivan and gasoline-powered fuel cell; 15) Ford's provision of 15 E85 minivans for use in state and USPS fleets; 16) GM's announcement of CNG options in Sierra and C-Series pickup trucks; 17) DOE funding; 18) a Virginia company's CNG helicopters; 19) Clean Cities' addition of the first two Ohio cities; 20) the future of CNG in Philadelphia; and 21) the Clean Cities conference.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: the AFDC/View version 2.0; map books of CNG refueling sites; protocols for data collection; quality assurance; GSA; public interest in AFDC; and hotline inquiries.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

New York State's Clean Fueled Vehicle Program (CFVP) has come a long way during the past six years. This program was created to acquire clean-fueled vehicles for state use and to test and evaluate clean-fueled technologies. The program's achievements since 1996 include providing fueling infrastructure to support the state's growing number of AFVs.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

In an effort to reduce national dependence on imported oil and to improve urban air quality, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is promoting the development and deployment of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). To support this activity, DOE has directed the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to develop and conduct projects to evaluate the performance and acceptability of light-duty AFVs compared to similar gasoline vehicles. As part of this effort, NREL has undertaken a number of evaluation projects, including conducting telephone surveys with fleet managers and drivers of AFVs in the federal fleet. This report summarizes the results of the survey of fleet managers.

Office of Transportation Technologies

This report is the first of two technical and policy analyses required by EPAct section 506.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) AMFA heavy-duty data which indicates that E95 and CNG fuel economies are virtually the same as diesel; 2) DOE funding of a heavy-duty demonstration program; 3) DOE funding efforts for a safe school bus; 4) hotline inquiries; and 5) the comparison of fuel economies of light-duty AFVs.

ICF Consulting, Fairfax, Virginia

This document provides facts and figures for all model year 2003 alternative fuel vehicles available to fleet buyers and the general public to lease or purchase.

U.S. Department of Energy - National Renewable Energy Laboratory

This survey collected information from state government and city government fleet drivers who operate light-duty alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The survey posed questions related to AFV use, fuel use and availability, and performance. Surveys were completed with 468 state government fleet drivers, from 44 of the 50 states. In all, 403 surveys were completed with city government fleet drivers from 39 different cities across the country.

Ford

This online report compares the relationship between gasoline composition and vehicle hydrocarbon emissions. It reviews current studies and identifies future research needs.

Notes: Copies of this document can be downloaded from the Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) Web site at: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1994/Suppl-4/schuetzle-full.html

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) emissions testing of Dodge Spirit FFVs; 2) the EPA's issuance of final gaseous fuel emissions standards; 3) the AFDC's new option for retrieving data; 4) emissions data which show varied results on 1992 CNG/gasoline conversions; 5) downloading files from the AFDC for non-internet users; 6) accessing the AFDC through the internet; 7) a new methanol video from DOE, NREL, and Los Angeles MTA; 8) an EPACT update; and 9) upcoming meetings and conferences.

Trucking Research Inst., Alexandria, VA

This issue includes articles on: 1) reinventing transportation: alternative fuels, the federal fleet conversion task force, and the trucking industry; 2) nearly neat (100%) ethanol snow plows in Hennepin County, Minnesota; and 3) alternative fuels power trucking into the 21st century.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) alternative fuel provider guidelines; 2) alternative fuel bus data available through AFDC; 3) federal fleet purchases; 4) heavy-duty AFV awards; 5) AFVs offered by OEMs; and 6) DOE incentives.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) the development of an interstate clean transportation corridor; 2) a Congressional task force that is addressing natural gas vehicle R&D concerns; 3) a midwest ethanol demonstration project; 4) Caterpillar's introduction of new dual-fuel engines; 5) a report on gas composition issues for natural gas vehicles and fueling stations; 6) NGVC's testimony before the House Oversight and Investigation Committee; and 7) DOE's Biodiesel Research and Development Program's search for industry partnerships in the heavy-duty sector.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

Much attention has been given to the use of hydrogen as an alternative transportation fuel, but hydrogen was certainly not the first fuel considered as an alternative to gasoline for transportation applications. Options ranging from all-electric vehicles to those running on natural gas, propane, ethanol, and biodiesel have also received both industry and government attention. Unfortunately, previous government efforts to encourage widespread adoption of alternative fuel vehicles have been largely unsuccessful. The National Academy of Engineering suggested that 'DOE might have its greatest impact by leading the private economy toward transition strategies rather than to ultimate visions of an energy infrastructure markedly different from the one now in place.'</p><p>This report focuses on understanding how analytical system modeling coupled with actual data from previous alternative-fuel experiences could improve our understanding of the dynamic forces governing the transition to an alternative-fueled vehicle system.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) the DOE unveiling of an advanced natural gas vehicle; 2) the first report on fuel replacement goals; 3) new AFV technologies; and 4) CNG refueling sites.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: clean air cabs; the successful conclusion of the CleanFleet demonstration; the release of a propane video; and the CNG tractor run by the L.A. Times.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: alternative fuels data center information available through Internet World Wide Web, CNG refuse clean up, Clean City questions, DOE scholarship winners, new AFDC database, and AFV numbers on the rise.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

CleanFleet is a demonstration of panel vans operating on five alternative motor fuels in commercial package delivery operations in the South Coast Air Basin of California. The five alternative fuels are propane gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), methanol (M-85 with 15 percent RFG), and electricity. Data were gathered on in-use emissions, operations, and fleet economics. This volume of the final report summarizes the maintenance required on these vans from the time they were introduced into the demonstration (April through early November 1992) until the end of the demonstration in September 1994. The vans were used successfully in FedEx operations; but, to varying degrees, the alternative fuel vehicles required more maintenance than the unleaded gasoline control vehicles. The maintenance required was generally associated with the development state of the fuel-related systems. During the demonstration, no non-preventive maintenance was required on the highly developed fuel-related systems in any of the unleaded gasoline production vehicles used either as controls or as RFG test vehicles. The maintenance problems encountered with the less developed systems used in this demonstration may persist in the short term with vehicles featuring the same or similar systems. This means that fleet operators planning near-term acquisitions of vehicles incorporating such systems should consider the potential for similar problems when (1) selecting vendors and warranty provisions and (2) planning maintenance programs.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

Fuel economy estimates are provided for the CleanFleet vans operated for two years by FedEx in Southern California. Between one and three vehicle manufacturers (Chevrolet, Dodge, and Ford) supplied vans powered by compressed natural gas (CNG), propane gas, California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), methanol (M-85), and unleaded gasoline as a control. Two electric G-Vans, manufactured by Conceptor Corporation, were supplied by Southern California Edison. Vehicle and engine technologies are representative of those available in early 1992. A total of 111 vans were assigned to FedEx delivery routes at five demonstration sites. The driver and route assignments were periodically rotated within each site to ensure that each vehicle would experience a range of driving conditions. Regression analysis was used to estimate the relationships between vehicle fuel economy and factors such as the number of miles driven and the number of delivery stops made each day. The energy adjusted fuel economy (distance per energy consumed) of the alternative fuel vans operating on a typical FedEx duty cycle was between 13 percent lower and 4 percent higher than that of control vans from the same manufacturer. The driving range of vans operating on liquid and gaseous alternative fuels was 1 percent to 59 percent lower than for vans operating on unleaded gasoline. The driving range of the electric G-Vans was less than 50 miles. These comparisons are affected to varying degrees by differences in engine technology used in the alternative fuel and control vehicles. Relative fuel economy results from dynamometer emissions tests were generally consistent with those obtained from FedEx operations.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

The costs that face a fleet operator in implementing alternative motor fuels into fleet operations are examined. Five alternatives studied in the CleanFleet project are considered for choice of fuel: compressed natural gas (CNG), propane gas, California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), M-85, and electricity. The cost assessment is built upon a list of thirteen cost factors grouped into the three categories: infrastructure costs, vehicle owning costs, and operating costs. Applicable taxes are included. A commonly used spreadsheet was adapted as a cost assessment tool. This tool was used in a case study to estimate potential costs to a typical fleet operator in package delivery service in the 1996 time frame. In addition, because electric cargo vans are unlikely to be available for the 1996 model year from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the case study was extended to the 1998 time frame for the electric vans. Results of the case study are presented in cents per mile of vehicle travel for the fleet. Several options available to the fleet for implementing the fuels are examined.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

The South Coast Alternative Fuels Demonstration, called CleanFleet, was conducted in the Los Angeles area from April 1992 through September 1994. The demonstration consisted of 111 package delivery vans operating on five alternative fuels and the control fuel, unleaded gasoline. The alternative fuels were propane gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), methanol with 15 percent RFG (called M-85), and electricity. This volume of the eight volume CleanFleet final report is a summary of the project design and results of the analysis of data collected during the demonstration on vehicle maintenance and durability, fuel economy, employee attitudes, safety and occupational hygiene, emissions, and fleet economics.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

The CleanFleet alternative fuels demonstration project evaluated five alternative motor fuels in commercial fleet service over a two-year period. The five fuels were compressed natural gas, propane gas, California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), M-85 (85 percent methanol and 15 percent RFG), and electric vans. Eighty-four vans were operated on the alternative fuels and 27 vans were operated on gasoline as baseline controls. Throughout the demonstration, information was collected on fleet operations, vehicle emissions, and fleet economics. In this volume of the CleanFleet findings, the design and implementation of the project are summarized.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

Measurements of exhaust and evaporative emissions from CleanFleet vans running on M-85, compressed natural gas (CNG), California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), propane gas, and a control gasoline (RF-A) are presented. Three vans from each combination of vehicle manufacturer and fuel were tested at the California Air Resources Board (ARB) as they accumulated mileage in the demonstration. Data are presented on regulated emissions, ozone precursors, air toxics, and greenouse gases. The emissions tests provide information on in-use emissions. That is, the vans were taken directly from daily commercial service and tested at the ARB. The differences in vehicle technology among the three vehicle manufacturers (Ford, Dodge, Chevrolet) and differences in alternative fuel technology provide the basis for a range of technology options. The emissions data reflect these differences, with classes of vehicles/fuels producing either more or less emissions for various compounds relative to the control gasoline.

Battelle, Columbus, OH

CleanFleet, formally known as the South Coast Alternative Fuels Demonstration, was a comprehensive demonstration of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) in daily commercial service. Between April 1992 and September 1994, five alternative fuels were tested in 84 panel vans: compressed natural gas (CNG), propane gas, methanol as M-85, California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG), and electricity. The AFVs were used in normal FedEx package delivery service in the Los Angeles basin alongside 27 "control" vans operating on regular gasoline. The objective of the project was to demonstrate and document the operational, emissions, and economic status of alternative fuel, commercial fleet delivery vans in the early 1990s. During the two-year demonstration, CleanFleet's 111 vehicles travelled more than three million miles and provided comprehensive data on three major topics: fleet operations, emissions, and fleet economics. Fleet operations were examined in detail to uncover and resolve problems with the use of the fuels and vehicles in daily delivery service. Exhaust and evaporative emissions were measured on a subset of vans as they accumulated mileage. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) measured emissions to document the environmental benefits of these AFVs. At the same time, CleanFleet experience was used to estimate the costs to a fleet operator using AFVs to achieve the environmental benefits of reduced emissions.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: AFDC One-Stop Shopping for Emissions Data, New NGV's Pass Test, Federal Express Cleans Up, Heavy-Duty Cooperation, New AFV's from Detroit, A Clean Ride to School, Propane Vehicle Challenge

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

In an effort to reduce national dependence on imported oil and to improve urban air quality, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is promoting the development and deployment of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). To support this activity, DOE has directed the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to develop and conduct projects to evaluate the performance and acceptability of light-duty AFVs compared to similar gasoline vehicles. As part of this effort, NREL has undertaken a number of evaluation projects, including conducting telephone surveys with fleet managers and drivers of AFVs in the federal fleet. This report summarizes the results of the survey of fleet managers.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue of the official publication of the Clean Cities Network and the AFDC features stories ranging from remembering the last oil embargo to the niche market of alternative fuel taxicabs. The National Gas Vehicle Coalition is featured, along with the Louisville Clean Cities Program.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

Producing and using renewable fuels for transportation is one approach for a sustainable energy future for the United States, as wel l as the rest of the world. Renewable fuels may also substantially reduce contributions to global climate change. In the transportation sector, ethanol produced from biomass shows promise as a future fuel for spark-ignited engines because of its high octane quality. Ethanol, however, is not a high-quality compression-ignition fuel. Ethanol can be easily converted through a dehydration process to produce diethyl ether (DEE), which is an excellent compression-ignition fuel with higher energy density than ethanol.. DEE has long been known as a cold-start aid for engines, but little is known about using DEE as a significant component in a blend or as a complete replacement for diesel fuel. Dimethyl ether, the methanol analog to DEE, was recently reported to be a low-emission, high-quality diesel fuel replacement, but similar engine testing and process information on DEE is limited. To identify the potential of Dee as a transportation fuel, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of its utilization in engines and also conducted limited laboratory experiments. This paper presents the findings on fundamental engine and emissions performance of DEE, along with an estimated cost of producing DEE from biomass ethanol.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: NREL Research Improved Technologies, AFV's Combat Smog, DOE Funds Testing of Natural Gas Vehicle, Hotline Assists Callers, More EV's in Federal Fleet, California Air Resources Board May Ease Requirements

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) NREL testing conversions; 2) a new AFV acquisition rule for fleets; 3) federal fleets; 4) students helping to design better cars; 5) the release of training center standards; and 6) new AFVs on the market.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: the emissions success of alcohol-powered heavy-duty engines; the AFDC plans to provide refueling map services; the alternative fuels hotline installed by DOE; a national energy strategy update; new emission data bases; federal fleet use of alcohol-fuel vehicles; and the first U.S. E85 fleet vehicles.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on: 1) a report that alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) are approaching the performance and reliability expectations of gasoline vehicles among drivers of Federal fleet vehicles; 2) natural gas refuse trucks; 3) AFV student competitions; 4) advances in electric vehicles; and 5) new features on the AFDC's World Wide Web site.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Golden, Colorado

The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) fleet requirements were passed by Congress on October 24, 1992, with the goals of enhancing our nation&#39;s energy security and improving air quality. The Act, officially known as Public Law 102-486, includes provisions addressing all aspects of energy supply and demand, including energy efficiency, alternative fuels, and renewable energy. It also includes more traditional forms of energy such as coal, oil, and nuclear power. Several parts, or titles, of EPAct were designed to encourage the use of alternative transportation fuels (not derived from petroleum) that could help reduce dependence on imported oil.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

Biodiesel is a fuel-blending component produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste grease by reaction with methanol or ethanol to produce methyl or ethyl esters. Engine dynamometer studies reviewed in a 2002 report from EPA show a 2% increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissinos for B20. This perceived small increase in NOx is leading some state regulatory agencies to consider banning the use of biodiesel. This study was a reassessment of the impact of B20 on NOx emissions. Based on the studies reviewed and new data reported in the present report, there does not appear to be a discrepancy between engine and chassis testing studies for the effect of B20 on NOx emissions. Individual engines may show NOx increasing or decreasing, but on average there appears to be no net effect, or at most a very small effect on the order of +/-0.5%. We have concluded, considering all the data available, that B20 has no net impact on NOx.

United States Fuel Cell Council

The world's leading automakers, fuel cell developers, material and component suppliers, national laboratories and universities are in a race to bring fuel cell vehicles to the marketplace. The goal of this pursuit is to offer an alternative to the internal combustion engine that provides all the performance consumers have come to demand, and at the same time is more efficient and cleaner, increases our fuel diversity, and is ultimately less expensive to manufacture, maintain and operate. Many of the leaders of this competition are members of the U.S. Fuel Cell Council, the business association dedicated to commercializing fuel cell technology. This report identifies these pioneers, and provides detailed descriptions of their fuel cell vehicle activities. The report concludes with a Fuel Cell Vehicle Glossary of Terms that is a valuable tool for understanding this emerging technology.

Notes: This report is available on the Fuel Cell Council Web Site http://www.usfcc.com/USFCC-TransportationBrochure.pdf

General Accounting Office

with the first deadline approaching for EPAct's petroleum replacement goals the GAO was asked to review progress towards achieving EPACT goals. gao was asked to determine the progress made in acquiring alternative fuel vehicles and using altnerative fuels to meeting the act's fuel replacement goals. Also, GAO determined the impediments to using alternative fuel vehicles and the measures that can be taken to address those impediments in order to reach the act's replacement goals.

U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Transportation Technologies

The S&FP What's New: Spring 2001 Update contains information on new developments in the State & Alternative Fuel Provider Program as of Spring 2001. New developments include the appointment of a new S&FP Program manager, the availability of vehicle acquisitions reporting via the Internet, figures for the number of alternative fuel vehicle S&FP acquisitions during MY 2000, New York State's recognition for EPAct and AFV-related activities, creation of an S&FP bulletin board to facilitate credit trading, and a reminder of mandatory compliance reporting.

Argonne National Laboratory

Long-haul trucks idling overnight consume more than 838 million gallons (20 million barrels) of fuel annually. Idling also emits pollutants. Truck drivers idle their engines primarily to heat or cool the cab and/or sleeper, keep the fuel warm in winter, and keep the engine warm in the winter so that the engine is easier to start. Alternatives to overnight idling could save much of this fuel, reduce emissions, and cut operating costs. Several fuel-efficient alternatives to idling are available to provide heating and cooling: direct-fire heater for cab/sleeper heating, with or without storage cooling; auxiliary power units; and truck stop electrification. Many of these technologies have drawbacks that limit market acceptance. Options that supply electricity are economically viable for trucks that are idled for 1,000-3,000 or more hours a year, while heater units could be used across the board. Payback times for fleets, which would receive quantity discounts on the prices, would be somewhat shorter.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This premiere issue of Alt Fuel News is the new joint publication of AFDC Update and Clean Cities Drive. It contains articles on: 1) Clean Cities Stakeholders' Conference and Expo; 2) Clinton Enodrses STronger Clean Air Rules; 3) DOE Offers Alternative Fuel Grants; 4) Chrysler Announces Plans for E85 Minivan Production; 5) Interview with Federico Pena

Univ. of Dayton Research Center, Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Dayton, OH - National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

The objective of this project was to determine the impact of alternative fuels on air quality, particularly ozone formation. The alternative fuels of interest are methanol, ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas. During the first year of study, researchers obtained qualitative data on the thermal degradation products from the fuel-lean (oxidative), stoichiometric, and fuel-rich (pyrolytic) decomposition of methanol and ethanol. The thermal degradation of ethanol produced a substantially larger number of intermediate organic by-products than the similar thermal degradation of methanol, and the organic intermediate by-products lacked stability. Also, a qualitative comparison of the UDRI flow reactor data with previous engine test showed that, for methanol, formaldehyde and acetone were the organic by-products observed in both types of tests; for ethanol, only very limited data were located.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on 1) Ethanol Fuel Demosntration in Hennepin County, Minnesota 2) EPA Revises Tampering Policy for Conversions 3) Evolution of the ATA's Alternative Fuels Task Force 4) John Deere Introduces Two new natural Gas Engines 5) Alternative Fuel Taxes Reduced in Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 6) EPA Reference Guide to Emissions Standards

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes an overview of the Kyoto Protocol, What Does It Mean? DART's New Facilities Are Truly Texan; New Technologies Are Right around the Corner; GSA Helps Federal Fleets Acquire AFVs; Comments Welcome on the Rulemaking for Local Government and Private Fleets; List of AFVs Available through GSA IFMS; AFVs Were a Hit at the Auto Shows; DOE Seeks Input on E85 Action Plan; Converted Vehicles Subject to New Rules; CMAQ Funds Are Still Alive; SEP Grants Promote Partnerships; ICLEI Award Winners Anmnounced; EPA Pollution Prevention Can Help Clean Cities; Clean Cities Roundup; New Jersey Electrifies Commuting with Project Power Commute

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue of the Alternative Fuel News discusses whether private and local government fleets should be required to acquire alternative fuel vehicles.The U.S. department of Energy has two principal mechanisms to overcome market initiation hurdles: mandate certain vehicle owners to use alternative fuels, or propose incentives for vehicle owners to use alternative fuels. Other stories deal with the success of the Paso del Norte Clean Cities Coalition, which spans the U.S. Mexico border and includes the cities of El Paso, Texas; Ciudad Juarez, Mexico; and Las Cruces, New Mexico. Also featured is a list of the four Clean Cities game plan objectives in 1998: simply put, they all involve making it easier for fleets to choose alternative fuels.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue includes articles on 1) Cummins' Heavy-Duty Propane Engine Receives 1999 EPA CFFV LEV Certification

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue of the official publication of the Clean Cities Network and the AFDC features stories ranging from President Clinton's proclamation of May 31- June 6 as National Alternative Fuels Week, thus spreading the alternative fuels message to more and more people across the country; the Clean Cities Talk Show featuring John McLaughlin of 'McLaughlin Group' fame; the five new partners that recently entered the Clean Cities Hall of Fame; and a detailed listing of 1998 Clean Cities Coalition Award Winners.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

Each year, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) asks Clean Cities coordinators to submit an annual report of their activities and accomplishments for the previous calendar year. Approximately 412 million gallons of gasoline were displaced through the Clean Cities efforts in 2008?14% more than in 2007. This displacement represents the combined results of the activities reported by coalitions (as analyzed by NREL) and the impacts of the Fuel Economy Guide and related activities (as estimated by ORNL). Three major changes were made to the Clean Cities survey this year: E10 is no longer counted toward petroleum displacement goals, coordinators no longer relied on a default assumption for the percent of time flex-fueled vehicles used alternative fuel, and B20 was moved from the AFV to the blends category. The first of these changes substantially reduced the reported petroleum displacement by blends from what they otherwise would have been in 2008. AFVs still accounted for the largest share (48%) of the total 412-million-gallon displacement. Fuel economy impacts (combined impacts of coalition and ORNL activity) were responsible for displacing 129 million gallons. The use of biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) as fuels for AFVs and in low-level biodiesel blends displaced 100 million gallons, or 24% of the total, and idle reduction and HEV technologies combined to displace 20 million gallons. 2008 was the first year that greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions were estimated for Clean Cities activities. The program kept a total of 2.7 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) from being emitted to the atmosphere?the equivalent of removing over 507,000 passenger cars from U.S. roads.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This issue of the official publication of the Clean Cities Network and the AFDC, features articles on different coalitions, in celebration of the 5th anniversary of the Clean Cities Program. The Federal News section compares the difference between the EPAct and the Clean Fuel Fleet Program. School buses are spotlighted in the niche market section, and Steve Howards, President for Consultants in Pollution Prevention, Inc., writes a guest article on Clean Cities Market Development.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

This brochure provides emissions results for light-duty cars, trucks, and vans and heavy-duty trucks and buses.

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) included measuring governing energy efficiency, renewable energy, oil and gas use, clean coal power, nuclear energy, and vehicles and fuels including the use of alternative fuels, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell buses, clean fuel school buses, automobile efficiency, and diesel emissions reduction.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

Issue Volume 3, No. 1 of the Alternative Fuel Newsletter focuses on the new millenium: what's in store for alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles. A feature article highlights how national parks in the U.S. are working to reduce pollution by using alternative fuels within the parks.

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois

Using the "total energy cycle" methodology, the report compares U.S. near term (to about 2015) alternative pathways for converting energy to light-duty vehicle kilometers of travel (VKT) in plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), hybrids (HEVs), and conventional vehicles. For PHEVs, we present total energy-per-unit-of-VKT information two ways: (1) energy from the grid during charge depletion; (2) energy from stored on-board fossil fuel when charge sustaining. The report examines incremental sources of supply of liquid fuel such as oil sands, Fischer-Tropsch diesel via natural gas, and ethanol from cellulosic biomass. The report compares such fuel pathways to various possible power converters producing electricity, including new coal boilers;integrated, gasified coal combined cycle;existing natural gas fueled combined cycle;existing natural gas combustion turbines;wood-to-electricity;and wind/solar. Also considered was a simulated fuel cell HEV and a plug-in hybrid fuel cell vehicle.

ICF Consulting, Fairfax, Virginia

This document provides facts and figures for all model year 2005 alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles (including hybrid electric cars) available to fleet buyers and the general public.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO

National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Golden, Colorado

Clean Cities Now 9-1, the debut issue of the Clean Cities online newsletter, features an interview with Paul Roberts, author of the End of Oil and the CC Conference keynote speaker. Other highlights include announcement of the SEP request for proposals, the Governors' Ethanol Coalition and its work with GM, and a CNG school bus fleet that has logged 6 million miles. Additional coalition, industry, and program news is included.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

This issue of Alternative Fuel News, published by the Clean Cities Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), brings you a cover story titled 'Funds from Fines.' It focuses on a constructive ways to use proceeds from the settlement of enforcement cases against companies that violate environmental standards. Next is a story on CIVITAS, a clean-transport initiative affecting cities in Europe. And we interview Boone Pickens, an icon from the oil fields who is now a force is alternative fuels. Texas is propane country, but a new, publicly accessible LPG station at the Austin airport will be the first one of its kind in the central Texas. Minnesota is E85 country, and home to one man who will 'run' on ethanol-all the way to the State Capitol. In North Carolina, biodiesel attracts big bucks. And operators of State & Alternative Fuel Provider fleets have some successes to crow about-one on the West Coast, one on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. In AFVs for '04, new arrivals join the club as some stalwarts go away. And in southern California, a new $18 million transportation initiative is built on alternative fuels and a growing public interest in AFVs.

National Commission on Energy Policy, Washington, D.C.

A bipartisan group of top energy experts from industry, government, labor, academia, and environmental and consumer groups produced this report to address major long-term U.S. energy challenges. The report contains detailed policy recommendations for addressing oil security, climate change, natural gas supply, the future of nuclear energy, and other long-term challenges, and is backed by more than 30 original research studies.

National Conference of State Legislatures

This report assesses the effectiveness of state incentives and suggests incentives that might encourage new vehicle technologies. It does not assess whether a state should promote alternative fuel vehicles or whether such vehicles are the most effective means to reduce air pollution. Rather, the analysis analyzes the effectiveness of state incentives of the past decade and describes the characteristics of effective alternative fuel vehicle incentives and the fiscal implications for a state that is committed to support an effective alternative fuel vehicle program.

Transportation Committee, California Energy Commission, Sacramento, California; California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California

The California State Alternative Fuels Plan presents strategies and actions California must take to increase the use of alternative non-petroleum fuels in a manner that minimizes costs to the state and maximizes the economic benefits of in-state production. The plan assessed various alternative fuels and developed fuel portfolios to meet California's goals to reduce petroleum consumption, increase alternative fuels use, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase in-state production of biofuels, without causing a significant degradation of public health and environmental quality. The key circumstances and conditions necessary to achieve the plan outcomes are presented for each fuel based on plan assumptions and analysis. The plan describes a 2050 Vision that extends the plan outcomes beyond the milestone years of 2012, 2017, and 2022 and lays a foundation for building a multi-fuel transportation energy future for California.

National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO;Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs

This case study looks at operating refuse trucks on compressed natural gas (CNG). It covers fuel economy and range, cost, maintenance and repair issues, emissions, and lessons learned from a NYC demonstration project.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

This overview of the 2005 transportation market includes hybrid, fuel cell, hydrogen, and alternative fuel vehicles. It covers vehicle sales, emissions, potential partners, advanced technology vehicle availability, and other factors. It also offers a "snapshot" of current vehicle technologies and trends.

Alternative Fuels Data Center. National Renewable Energy Laboratory

This document provides facts and figures for all model year 2007 alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles (including hybrid electric cars) available to fleet buyers and the general public.

United States Department of Energy - Office of Transportation Technologies

The U.S. Transportation system as a whole and the highway mode in particular will be much different in the year 2050 compared to today. The type and number of vehicles in use and the fuels employed to power them are unknown. Yet planning for the future requires acting on the information at hand: assessing the implications of the current path and the potential benefit of alternative futures. This paper puts transportation energy issues into a long-run perspective so that informed planning can begin early enough to make a decisive difference. This paper examines the global oil supply and demand over the next 50 years to show that a transition away from conventional oil will begin. The analysis reviews the energy, economic, and environmental implications of the alternatives that are available to meet some of the anticipated gap between world conventional oil production and the liquid fuels required to support a growing world economy. This paper then describes several U.S. Transportation technology strategies with a range of efficiency improvements and fuel substitutions, and calculates their first order effects on energy use, petroleum consumption, and carbon emissions over a 50-year time horizon.

Notes: This report is available on the Office of Transportation Technologies (OTT) Web site at http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/publications/hwyfuture.pdf

National Energy Policy Development Group

This overview sets forth the National Energy Policy Development (NEPD) Group's findings and key recommendations for a National Energy Policy.

Notes: Hard copies of this document are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Web site: http://bookstore.gpo.gov. Contact the U.S. Government Printing Office by phone: (202) 512-1800 or fax: (202) 512-2250

Alternative Fuels Data Center. National Renewable Energy Laboratory

This document provides facts and figures for all model year 2006 alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles (including hybrid electric cars) available to fleet buyers and the general public.

Energetics, Inc., Columbia, Maryland

This report quantifies the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions profile of propane compared to other fuels in selected applications of importance to the U.S. propane industry. The analysis presented in this report represents an expansion and update to a study sponsored by the Propane Education & ResearchCouncil and prepared by Energetics Incorporated in 2007. This updated analysis uses the latest data regarding energy consumption rates, emissions factors, and equipment efficiencies to estimate greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of various energy options in a range of residential and commercial, on-road, off-road, and agriculture applications. This study reassesses the greenhouse gas emissions profile of energy choices in seven applications previously analyzed in the 2007 study and for the firsttime examines six new applications not considered in the earlier study.The results of this study show that propane is among the most attractive options for avoiding greenhouse gas emissions in every application considered. At the point of use, propane emits fewer greenhouse gases than gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel oil, or E85 ethanol per unit of energy.

Clean Air Act of 1990 with amendments through January 2004

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

The majority of heavy-duty vehicles on our nation's highways today are powered by diesel fuel. This presents enormous opportunities for clean-burning diesel substitutes such as Fischer-Tropsch liquids.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

This issue of Alternative Fuel News, published by the Clean Cities Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), includes a cover story on best practices for alterative fuel vehicle (AFV) fueling stations. Next is 'Clean Cities and the Hydrogen Future,' by DOE Assistant Secretary David Garman. 'Fuels for Schools' offers success stories about alternative fuel school buses across the country. Read about a West Coast fueling station with plans to dispense E85 fuel made in California. Plus stories about alternative fuels at L.L.Bean, grant-securing activities on Long Island, and an AFV auction planned at the Clean Cities Conference. Two new coalitions, representing New York City and Middle Georgia, have joined Clean Cities. And see our graphic 'site map' shows what's new at the Clean Cities Web site and the Alternative Fuels Data Center.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

This report has been assembled to provide the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) with an idea of how the American public views various transportation, energy, and environmental issues.